Archive for the ‘Montessori Education’ Category

Principles in using Montessori materials

Wednesday, May 16th, 2007

“The first essential for the child’s development is concentration. …He must find out how to concentrate, and for this he needs things to concentrate upon…Indeed, it is just here that the importance of our schools really lies. They are places in which the child can find the kind of work that permits him to do this.”

Maria Montessori

The materials must correspond to the child’s inner needs, and they must be presented to the child at the right moment in his development.The right moment in development must be determined by observation and experimentation. The teacher/parent watches for the quality of concentration and for spontaneous repetition. These responses indicate the meaningfulness of the material to him at that particular moment in his growth and whether the intensity of the stimulus which that material represents for him is also matched to his internal needs.

Five other Principles in using Montessori Materials:
1. Difficulty or the error that the child is to discover and understand must be isolated in a single piece of material.

2. The materials progress from simple to more complex design and usage.

3. The materials are designed to prepare the child indirectly for future learning.This principle of indirect preparation enables the child to experience success in his endeavors much more readily and aids the development of self-confidence and initiative.

4. The materials begin as concrete expressions of an idea and gradually become more and more abstract representations.The greater a child’s absorption the more likely he is making the transition from concrete to abstract knowledge.

5. Montessori materials are designed for auto-education. The control of error lies in the materials themselves rather than in the teacher.

“ ‘Control of error’ is any kind of indicator which tells us whether we are going toward our goal, or away from it…” Maria MontessoriThe teacher/parent is never to point out an error to a child.

If the child cannot see the error for himself, it means he has not sufficiently developed to do so. In time, he will be able to see it and will correct his own errors.

“What interests the child is the sensation, not only of placing the objects, but of acquiring a new power of perception, enabling him to recognize the difference of dimension in the cylinders.” Maria Montessori

There are several basic rules in the use of the Montessori Materials:

1. Children are required to treat them with respect.

When using materials, he is to bring all the materials necessary and arrange them on a mat or rug in an organized manner. He is to return the materials to their proper place and in the same condition in which he found them.

2. The child has a right not to be interrupted while working with the materials either by another child or the teacher.

Fundamental Lessons

Introduction of new material to the child is called the Fundamental Lesson.

The purpose of this lesson is to present the child with a key to the materials and their possibilities for him…and…to enable the teacher to discover more about the child and his inner development.

The teacher uses the lesson to observe the child’s reactions, and will experiment with different approaches to him.

Maria said that in this sense, “the lesson corresponds to an experiment.”

Introducing a lesson at the right moment requires sensitivity and experience.

Maria said “In such a delicate task, a great art must suggest the moment, and limit the intervention, in order that we shall arouse no perturbation, cause no deviation, but rather that we shall help the soul which is coming into the fullness of life, and which shall live from its own forces.

Such lessons will be given almost exclusively on an individual basis.

Maria said “The child not only needs something interesting to do, but also likes to be shown exactly how to do it. Precision is found to attract him deeply, and this it is that keeps him at work.”

Characteristics of the Fundamental Lesson are:
Precision
Orderly Presentation
Brevity
Simplicity
Objectivity

Maria said “The lesson must be presented in such a way that the personality of the teacher shall disappear. There shall remain in evidence only the object to which she wishes to call the attention of the child.”

After the Fundamental lesson has been presented, the teacher invites the child to use the material as she has done.

The teacher then stays on to observe the child’s actions. She is careful not to interfere with his liberty.

If the child shows the teacher that she has misjudged the moment of introduction, the teacher suggests they put the material away and use it another day.

If the child shows that he was ready for the presentation, then the child is allowed to continue with the activity for as long as he likes.

Maria said “This phenomenon does not always occur…In fact, repetition corresponds to a need…It is necessary to offer those exercises which correspond to the need of development felt by an organism.”

One of the main things the teacher will watch for will be the repetition of an exercise.

After repetition of an exercise, the child will begin to create new ways in which to use the materials. Often he will combine more than one exercise or different materials.

In traditional classrooms using traditional toys, the child cannot be creative because of the nature of the materials around him. In the search for something of value the child ends up taking them apart and destroying them.

Montessori materials are carefully designed and constructed with a definite purpose in mind.

What is Montessori Education?

Thursday, January 25th, 2007

Dr. Fleege and his associates conducted a study, Montessori Pre-School Education, with two groups of children, one from a Montessori preschool and the other from a non-Montessori preschool. The children were from the same community, with the same socio-economic and cultural environment, and the educational background was similar for the parents. The traditional preschool was a very good school and the Montessori school was average to slightly below average.

Check out this article by Dr Fleege:

Montessori Method by Dr. Urban H. Fleege

What Montessori Education is not?

Thursday, January 25th, 2007

I started the Montessori pre-school 2 years ago, one of the frustrations of running a pre school and trying to follow the Montessori way is : there is so little understanding of what Montessori education is about, yet there is so much misconception about what Montessori education is.

I also could understand many people whom I met wasn’t really impressed with Montessori schools, because they have not seen an authentic Montessori schools, I myself wasn’t impressed with the “Montessori” schools here that I visited. I would say some have the Montessori apparatus, some have the name “Montessori”, but none is close to the basic ingredients of an authentic Montessori school.

One of my ex-colleagues said: “Yeah, Montessori, the kind of school where kids play only”

1)Are Montessori schools just play only?
To the untrained eyes, maybe.

2) Montessori is just for preschool children.

While the majority of Montessori schools in the world are preschools, Montessori programs exist at age levels from Birth to eighteen.

3). Montessori is just for special learners: the gifted or the learning-disabled.

The methods used in Montessori schools are highly effective with both learning-disabled and gifted learners; the reason for their effectiveness, however, is that the learning environments have been designed to ensure success for all children.

4). Children in Montessori classrooms are relatively unsupervised and can “do whatever they want.”

Montessori is based on the principle of free choice of purposeful activity. If the child is being destructive or is using materials in an aimless way, the teacher will intervene and gently re-direct the child either to more appropriate materials or to a more appropriate use of the material. The freedom is within a safety boundary . Children are allowed to walk freely in the classroom, but not outside the school compound! Many schools have fences that keep the children safe and to prevent intruders.

5). Montessori is a cult.

Montessori is not part of the educational mainstream locally, but it’s growing over the last 100 years all over the world, as evidenced by growing number of graduate-level programs in Montessori education and the increasing popularity of Montessori in the public school system in some countries.

6). Montessori classrooms are too structured.

Although the teacher is careful to make clear the specific purpose of each material and to present activities in a clear, step-by-step order, the child is free to choose from a vast array of activities and to discover new possibilities.

7). Montessori is against fantasy; therefore, it stifles creativity.

The fact is that the freedom of the prepared environment encourages creative approaches to problem-solving. And while teacher-directed fantasy is discouraged, fantasy play initiated by the child is viewed as healthy and purposeful. In addition, art and music activities are integral parts of the Montessori classroom.

8). Montessori classrooms push children too far too fast.

Central to the Montessori philosophy is the idea of allowing each child to develop at his or her own, individual pace. The “miracle” stories of Montessori children far ahead of traditional expectations for their age level reflect not artificial acceleration but the possibilities open when children are allowed to learn at their own pace in a scientifically prepared environment.

9). Montessori is out of date.

While appropriate changes have been made to the original Montessori curriculum (including the introduction of computers and modifications to the Practical Life exercises to keep them culturally relevant), the basic pedagogy has not changed much since Dr Montessori’s lifetime. Contemporary research and evaluation, advancement in the neurology and brain research, however, seem to be confirming Montessori’s insights.

10. Montessori is only for the rich.

Not so! Although the authentic Montessori materials are costly, and the environment relies on aesthetics, there are thousands of Montessori schools in existence in poverty-stricken areas. These schools rely on home-made materials but you will find the true spirit of Montessori shines like a beacon. Philosophy doesn’t cost a cent.

Radio shows on Montessori Education

Tuesday, January 23rd, 2007

1) On Joan Kenley ShowHow Waldolf and Montessori Schools Benefit Children

Click on the link above to download the audio file and listen to the Joan Kenley Show.

Have you been wondering about educational options for your child or a child you know and love? This wonderful program will share with you how the Waldorf and Montessori Schools approach learning. Hear our two gifted, dedicated teachers — Wendy Baschkopf from the East Bay Waldorf School and Paul McNees from the Montessori Family School — describe the care and attention brought to each student. The wealth of information will touch your mind, body, heart and soul.

You’ll find out:

Why Jennifer Anniston values her Waldorf education.
The three dimensional way Montessori schools teach math.
Some differences between the two schools.
How they both value mental, emotional, physical and spiritual learning.
What they offer as alternatives to public education.

2)At Issue with Ben Merens

Do you know what George Clooney, Julia Child, and Prince William have in common? All of them went to Montessori schools. Ben Merens and his guest discuss how to raise a child the Montessori way. Guest: Timothy Seldin, president of the Montessori Foundation, and author of “How to Raise an Amazing Child the Montessori Way” (DK Publishing)

http://clipcast.wpr.org:8080/ramgen/wpr/bme/bme070110m.rm

Click on the link above to listen to the radio show.